Yadda za a zabi madaidaicin tushen hasken LED a cikin hasken ƙasa?
Tare da karuwar bukatar makamashi don ceton makamashi da kare muhalli, muna ƙara amfani da fitilun LED don ƙirar hasken ƙasa. Kasuwancin LED a halin yanzu shine cakuda kifi da dodanni, mai kyau da mara kyau. Masana'antun da 'yan kasuwa daban-daban suna matsawa sosai don haɓaka samfuran nasu. Game da wannan hargitsi, ra'ayinmu ya fi kyau a bar shi ya aiko da gwaji maimakon saurare.
Eurborn Co., Ltd za ta fara zaɓi na LED na a cikin hasken ƙasa ya haɗa da bayyanar, zubar da zafi, rarraba haske, haske, shigarwa, da dai sauransu. A yau, ba za mu yi magana game da sigogi na fitilu da fitilu ba, kawai magana game da tushen haske. . Shin da gaske za ku san yadda ake zaɓar tushen hasken LED mai kyau? Babban ma'auni na tushen hasken sune: halin yanzu, iko, haske mai haske, haɓaka mai haske, launi mai haske da ma'anar launi. Abin da muka fi mayar da hankali a kai a yau shi ne magana game da abubuwa biyu na ƙarshe, da farko a taƙaice magana game da abubuwa huɗu na farko.
Da farko, sau da yawa muna cewa: "Nawa nawatts na haske nake so?" Wannan al'ada ita ce ci gaba da tushen hasken gargajiya na baya. A wancan lokacin, hasken wutar lantarki yana da tsayayyen wattages da yawa, a zahiri kawai za ku iya zaɓar tsakanin wattages ɗin, ba za ku iya daidaita shi da yardar kaina ba, kuma LED ɗin na yanzu, wutar lantarki ta ɗan canza kaɗan, za a canza wutar nan take! Lokacin da tushen hasken LED iri ɗaya na cikin hasken ƙasa yana motsawa tare da babban halin yanzu, ƙarfin zai tashi, amma zai haifar da raguwar haske a cikin inganci kuma yana ƙaruwa da lalacewa. Da fatan za a duba hoton da ke ƙasa
Gabaɗaya magana, redundancy = sharar gida. Amma yana ajiye aikin halin yanzu na LED. Lokacin da halin yanzu na tuƙi ya kai matsakaicin ƙimar da aka yarda da shi a ƙarƙashin yanayi, yana rage ƙarfin halin yanzu ta 1/3, ƙarancin hasken sadaukarwa yana da iyaka sosai, amma fa'idodin suna da girma:
Hasken haske yana raguwa sosai;
An tsawaita tsawon rayuwa sosai;
Amintaccen ingantaccen inganci;
Babban amfani da wutar lantarki;
Sabili da haka, don kyakkyawan tushen hasken LED na cikin hasken ƙasa, ƙarfin tuƙi ya kamata yayi amfani da kusan 70% na matsakaicin ƙimar halin yanzu.
A wannan yanayin, mai zane ya kamata ya nemi haske mai haske kai tsaye. Dangane da abin da wattage za a yi amfani da shi, ya kamata ya yanke shawarar da masana'anta. Wannan shine don haɓaka masana'antun don biyan inganci da kwanciyar hankali, maimakon sadaukar da inganci da rayuwa ta hanyar tura wutar lantarki ta makanta.
Abubuwan da aka ambata a sama sun haɗa da waɗannan sigogi: halin yanzu, iko, jujjuyawar haske, da haɓakar haske. Akwai dangantaka ta kud da kud a tsakanin su, kuma ya kamata ku kula da su wajen amfani da su: Wanne ne ainihin abin da kuke buƙata?
Launi mai haske
A zamanin tushen haske na gargajiya, idan ana batun zafin launi, kowa ya damu ne kawai game da "hasken rawaya da fari", ba matsalar karkatar da launi ba. Duk da haka dai, yanayin zafin launi na tushen hasken gargajiya shine kawai irin wannan, kawai zaɓi ɗaya, kuma gabaɗaya ba zai yi kuskure ba. A zamanin LED, mun gano cewa launin haske a cikin hasken ƙasa yana da yawa kuma kowane iri. Ko da nau'in bead ɗin fitila iri ɗaya na iya karkata zuwa ga ban mamaki mai yawa, bambance-bambance masu yawa.
Kowa ya ce LED yana da kyau, yana adana makamashi kuma yana da alaƙa da muhalli. Amma da gaske akwai kamfanoni da yawa waɗanda ke sa LEDs su ruɓe! Wannan babban aiki ne da abokai suka aiko wanda manufar aikace-aikacen rayuwa ta gaske na sanannen nau'in fitilun LED da fitilu, duba wannan rarraba hasken, wannan daidaiton yanayin zafin launi, wannan shuɗi mai shuɗi….
Dangane da wannan hargitsi, masana'antar hasken wutar lantarki ta ƙasa ta yi alƙawarin wa abokan ciniki: "Fitilolinmu suna da bambancin zafin jiki a cikin ± 150K!" Lokacin da kamfani ke yin zaɓin samfur, ƙayyadaddun bayanai sun nuna: "Yana buƙatar karkatar da yanayin zafin launi na beads ɗin fitilar yana cikin ± 150K"
Wannan 150K ya dogara ne akan ƙarshen ƙaddamar da wallafe-wallafen gargajiya: "Rashin zafin launi yana cikin ± 150K, wanda ke da wuya ga idon ɗan adam ya gano." Sun yi imanin cewa idan zafin launi ya kasance "a cikin ± 150K" wanda za'a iya kauce wa rashin daidaituwa. A gaskiya, ba haka ba ne mai sauki.
Misali, a dakin tsufa na wannan masana'anta, na ga rukuni biyu na sandunan haske masu launukan haske daban-daban. Ɗayan rukuni fari ne mai ɗumi na al'ada, ɗayan kuma a bayyane yake nuna son kai. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi, zamu iya samun bambanci tsakanin sandunan haske guda biyu. Daya ja daya mai kore. Dangane da bayanin da ke sama, ko da idanun ɗan adam na iya faɗi daban-daban ba shakka bambancin zafin launi dole ne ya fi 150K.
Kamar yadda zaku iya fada, hanyoyin haske guda biyu waɗanda suka bambanta da idon ɗan adam suna da bambancin "zazzabi mai launi" na 20K kawai!
Shin ba ƙarshen cewa "launi yanayin zafin jiki yana cikin ± 150K ba, yana da wuya ga idon ɗan adam ya gano" kuskure? Kar ku damu, don Allah a bar ni in yi bayani a hankali: Bari in yi magana game da ra'ayoyi biyu na yanayin zafin launi vs (CT) masu alaƙa da yanayin launi (CCT). Mu yawanci muna nufin "zazzabi mai launi" na tushen hasken zuwa cikin hasken ƙasa, amma a zahiri, gabaɗaya muna faɗin shafi "zazzabi mai launi" akan rahoton gwaji. Ma'anar waɗannan sigogi guda biyu a cikin "Ma'anar Hasken Gine-gine na Gine-ginen GB50034-2013"
Zazzabi Launi
Lokacin da chromaticity na hasken haske ya kasance daidai da na jikin baƙar fata a wani yanayin zafi, cikakken zafin jiki na jikin baƙar fata shine yanayin launi na tushen haske. Hakanan aka sani da chroma. Naúrar ita ce K.
Yanayin Launi mai alaƙa
Lokacin da chromaticity batu na hasken tushen hasken a cikin ƙasa bai kasance a kan wurin baƙar fata ba, kuma chromaticity na tushen hasken ya kasance kusa da chromaticity na blackbody a wani yanayin zafi, cikakken zafin jiki na blackbody shine daidaitawar zafin launi. na tushen hasken, wanda ake magana da shi azaman yanayin launi mai alaƙa. Naúrar ita ce K.
Latitude da Longitude akan taswirar suna nuna wurin da birni yake, kuma (x, y) ƙimar daidaitawa akan "taswirar daidaita launi" yana nuna wurin wani launi mai haske. Dubi hoton da ke ƙasa, matsayi (0.1, 0.8) kore ne mai tsabta, kuma matsayi (07, 0.25) ja ne mai tsabta. Sashin tsakiya shine ainihin farin haske. Irin wannan nau'in "digiri na fari" ba za a iya kwatanta shi da kalmomi ba, don haka akwai ma'anar "zazzabi mai launi" Hasken da ke fitowa daga tungsten filament bulb a yanayin zafi daban-daban ana wakilta shi a matsayin layi akan zane mai daidaita launi, wanda ake kira "black body". locus", wanda aka rage shi da BBL, wanda kuma ake kira "Planck curve". Launin da baƙar fata ke fitarwa, idanuwanmu suna kama da "haske fari na al'ada." Da zarar tsarin launi na tushen hasken ya karkata daga wannan lanƙwasa, muna tsammanin yana da "simintin launi".
Tushen mu na tungsten na farko, ko ta yaya aka yi shi, haskensa zai iya faɗowa akan wannan layin da ke wakiltar haske mai sanyi da dumin fari (layin baƙar fata mai kauri a cikin hoton). Muna kiran launin haske a wurare daban-daban akan wannan layin "Launi zazzabi" Yanzu da fasahar ta ci gaba, farin haske da muka yi, launin hasken ya faɗi akan wannan layin, kawai za mu iya samun "mafi kusa", karanta. Yanayin launi na wannan batu, kuma ku kira shi "zazzabi mai launi." Yanzu ka sani cewa karkatacciyar hanya ce ± 150K .
Menene Zuƙowa a kan 3000K "isotherm":
Madogarar hasken LED na cikin hasken ƙasa, bai isa kawai a faɗi cewa zafin launi bai isa ba. Ko da kowa yana da 3000K, za a sami launin ja ko kore." Ga sabon alama: SDCM.
Har yanzu suna amfani da misalin da ke sama, waɗannan sandunan haske guda biyu, "zazzabi masu launi" kawai sun bambanta da 20K! Ana iya cewa kusan iri ɗaya ne. Amma a zahiri, a bayyane suke launukan haske daban-daban. Ina matsalar take?
Koyaya, gaskiyar ita ce: bari mu kalli zanen su na SDCM
Hoton da ke sama shine farin dumin 3265K a hagu. Da fatan za a kula da ƙaramin ɗigon rawaya a hannun dama na koren ellipse, wanda shine matsayin tushen hasken akan zanen chromaticity. Hoton da ke ƙasa yana da launin kore a hannun dama, kuma matsayinsa ya fita waje da jan oval. Bari mu dubi matsayin maɓuɓɓugan haske guda biyu a kan zane na chromaticity a cikin misalin da ke sama. Matsakaicin su na kusa da baƙar fata shine 3265K da 3282K, waɗanda da alama sun bambanta da 20K kawai, amma a zahiri nesansu yayi nisa ~.
Babu layin 3200K a cikin software na gwaji, 3500K kawai. Mu zana da'irar 3200K da kanmu:
Da'irori huɗu na rawaya, shuɗi, kore da ja suna wakiltar 1, 3, 5, da 7 "matakai" daga "cikakkiyar launi mai haske". Ka tuna: lokacin da bambancin launin haske ya kasance a cikin matakai 5, idon ɗan adam ba zai iya bambanta shi da gaske ba, ya isa. Sabon ma'auni na ƙasa kuma ya tanadi: "Yin haƙurin launi na amfani da irin waɗannan hanyoyin hasken bai kamata ya wuce 5 SDCM ba."
Bari mu gani: Batu mai zuwa yana cikin matakai 5 na "cikakkiyar" launi mai haske. Muna tsammanin shine mafi kyawun launi mai haske. Dangane da batun da ke sama, an dauki matakai guda 7, kuma idon dan Adam na iya ganin launinsa a fili.
Za mu yi amfani da SDCM don kimanta launi mai haske, don haka ta yaya za a auna wannan siga? Ana ba da shawarar cewa ku kawo na'urar sikeli tare da ku, ba wasa ba, na'urar sikirin mai ɗaukar hoto! Don a cikin hasken ƙasa, daidaiton launi mai haske yana da mahimmanci musamman, saboda launin ja da launin kore suna da muni.
Kuma na gaba shine Color Renderingndex.
A cikin hasken ƙasa wanda ke buƙatar babban ma'anar ma'anar launi shine hasken gine-gine, kamar masu wankin bango da ake amfani da su don gina hasken ƙasa da fitilun da ake amfani da su a cikin hasken ƙasa. Maƙasudin ma'anar launi mai ƙarancin launi zai yi mummunar illa ga kyawun ginin da ya haskaka ko wuri mai faɗi.
Don aikace-aikacen cikin gida, mahimmancin ma'anar ma'anar launi yana nunawa musamman a wuraren zama, shagunan tallace-tallace, da hasken otal da sauran lokuta. Don yanayin ofishin, halayen ma'anar launi ba su da mahimmanci, saboda an tsara hasken ofishin don samar da mafi kyawun haske don aiwatar da aikin, ba don kayan ado ba.
Ma'anar launi shine muhimmin al'amari na kimanta ingancin hasken wuta. Launuka Renderingndex hanya ce mai mahimmanci don kimanta ma'anar launi na tushen haske. Yana da mahimmancin siga don auna halayen launi na tushen hasken wucin gadi. Ana amfani dashi ko'ina don kimanta tushen hasken wucin gadi. Tasirin samfur a ƙarƙashin Ra daban-daban:
Gabaɗaya magana, mafi girman fihirisar ma'anar launi, mafi kyawun ma'anar launi na tushen haske da ƙarfin ikon maido da launi na abu. Amma wannan kawai "yawanci magana". Shin da gaske haka lamarin yake? Shin yana da cikakken abin dogaro a yi amfani da fihirisar ma'anar launi don kimanta ƙarfin haifuwar launi na tushen haske? A cikin wane yanayi ne za a sami keɓancewa?
Domin fayyace waɗannan batutuwa, dole ne mu fara fahimtar menene ma'anar ma'anar launi da yadda aka samo shi. CIE ta ƙulla ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin da za a iya tantance launi na tushen haske. Yana amfani da samfuran launi na gwaji guda 14, waɗanda aka gwada tare da daidaitattun hanyoyin haske don samun jerin ƙimar haske mai kyan gani, kuma yana ƙayyadad da cewa fihirisar ma'anar launi ta 100. Fihirisar ma'anar launi na tushen hasken da aka kimanta an ƙididdige madaidaicin tushen haske bisa ga saitin hanyoyin lissafi. Samfuran launi na gwaji guda 14 sune kamar haka:
Daga cikin su, ana amfani da No. 1-8 don kimanta ma'anar ma'anar launi na gaba ɗaya Ra, kuma an zaɓi 8 hues masu wakilci tare da matsakaicin matsakaici. Baya ga daidaitattun samfuran launi guda takwas da aka yi amfani da su don ƙididdige ma'anar ma'anar launi gabaɗaya, CIE kuma tana ba da samfuran daidaitattun samfuran launi guda shida don ƙididdige ma'anar ma'anar launi na launuka na musamman don zaɓin wasu kaddarorin ma'anar launi na musamman na tushen haske, bi da bi, cikakke. Matsayi mafi girma na ja, rawaya, kore, shuɗi, launin fata na Turai da Amurka da kore ganye (Lamba 9-14). Hanyar lissafin ma'anar launi ta ƙasata kuma tana ƙara R15, samfurin launi wanda ke wakiltar launin fatar matan Asiya.
Anan matsalar ta zo: yawanci abin da muke kira ƙimar ma'anar launi Ra ana samun shi bisa la'akari da ma'anar launi na samfuran launi 8 ta hanyar haske. Samfuran launi 8 suna da matsakaicin chroma da haske, kuma dukkansu launuka ne marasa ƙarfi. Yana da kyakkyawan sakamako don auna ma'aunin launi na tushen haske tare da ci gaba da bakan bakan da kuma mitar mita mai faɗi, amma zai haifar da matsaloli don kimanta tushen hasken tare da tsattsauran igiyar igiyar ruwa da kunkuntar mitar mitar.
Fihirisar ma'anar launi Ra tana da girma, shin dole ne ma'anar launi ta yi kyau?
Misali: Mun gwada 2 a cikin hasken ƙasa, duba hotuna guda biyu masu zuwa, jere na farko na kowane hoto shine aikin daidaitaccen tushen haske akan samfuran launi daban-daban, jere na biyu kuma shine aikin injin hasken LED da aka gwada akan. samfurori masu launi daban-daban.
Fihirisar ma'anar launi na waɗannan maɓuɓɓugan hasken LED guda biyu na cikin hasken ƙasa, waɗanda aka ƙididdige su bisa madaidaicin hanyar gwaji, shine:
Na sama yana da Ra=80 sannan na kasa yana da Ra=67. Mamaki? Tushen dalili? A gaskiya, na riga na yi magana game da shi a sama.
Ga kowace hanya, ana iya samun wuraren da ba za a iya amfani da su ba. Don haka, idan ya keɓanta da sararin samaniya tare da ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun launi, wace hanya ya kamata mu yi amfani da shi don yin hukunci ko wata hanyar haske ta dace da amfani? Hanyara na iya zama ɗan wawa: dubi bakan tushen haske.
Mai zuwa shine rarrabuwar hasken haske da yawa, wato hasken rana (Ra100), fitilar incandescent (Ra100), fitila mai kyalli (Ra80), takamaiman alamar LED (Ra93), fitilar halide karfe (Ra90).
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-27-2021
