Ungawukhetha kanjani umthombo wokukhanya we-LED ofanele ekukhanyeni komhlaba?
Ngokukhula kwesidingo sokonga amandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, siya ngokuya sisebenzisa izibani ze-LED ekwakhiweni kokukhanya okuphansi. Imakethe ye-LED okwamanje iyingxube yezinhlanzi nodrako, okuhle nokubi. Abakhiqizi namabhizinisi ahlukahlukene baphokophela kanzima ukukhangisa imikhiqizo yabo. Mayelana nalesi siphithiphithi, umbono wethu kungcono simvumele athumele isivivinyo esikhundleni sokulalela.
I-Eurborn Co., Ltd izoqala ukukhethwa kwe-LED ekukhanyeni komhlaba kuhlanganisa ukubukeka, ukuchithwa kokushisa, ukusatshalaliswa kokukhanya, ukukhanya, ukufakwa, njll. Namuhla, ngeke sikhulume ngemingcele yezibani nezibani, sikhulume nje ngomthombo wokukhanya. . Ingabe uzokwazi ngempela ukukhetha umthombo wokukhanya we-LED omuhle? Imingcele eyinhloko yomthombo wokukhanya yilezi: okwamanje, amandla, ukuguquguquka okukhanyayo, ukuncishiswa okukhanyayo, umbala okhanyayo nokunikezwa kombala. Esigxile kukho namuhla ukukhuluma ngezinto ezimbili zokugcina, okokuqala sikhulume kafushane ngezinto ezine zokuqala.
Okokuqala, sivame ukuthi: "Mangaki ama-watts okukhanya engiwafunayo?" Lo mkhuba uwukuqhubeka nomthombo wokukhanya wendabuko wangaphambilini. Emuva ngaleso sikhathi, umthombo wokukhanya wawunama-wattage ambalwa ahleliwe kuphela, ngokuyisisekelo ungakhetha kuphela phakathi kwalawo ma-wattages, awukwazi ukuwulungisa ngokukhululekile, kanye ne-LED yamanje, ukunikezwa kwamandla kushintshiwe kancane, amandla azoshintshwa ngokushesha! Uma umthombo wokukhanya we-LED ofanayo wokukhanya okuphansi ushayelwa ngamandla amakhulu, amandla azokhuphuka, kodwa abangele ukuncipha kokukhanya ekusebenzeni kahle futhi ande ekuboleni kokukhanya. Sicela ubheke isithombe esingezansi
Ngokuvamile, ukuphindaphinda = ukuchithwa. Kodwa igcina ukusebenza kwamanje kwe-LED. Lapho idrayivu yamanje ifinyelela isilinganiso esiphezulu esivunyelwe ngaphansi kwezimo, inciphisa idrayivu yamanje ngo-1/3, ukugeleza okukhanyayo okunikelwe kulinganiselwe kakhulu, kodwa izinzuzo zinkulu:
Ukunciphisa ukukhanya kuncishiswe kakhulu;
Ubude bokuphila bandiswa kakhulu;
Ukuthembeka okuthuthukisiwe okuphawulekayo;
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu;
Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole umthombo omuhle wokukhanya kwe-LED ekukhanyeni okuphansi, amandla okushayela kufanele asebenzise cishe u-70% wesilinganiso esiphezulu samanje.
Kulokhu, umklami kufanele acele ngokuqondile i-flux ekhanyayo. Ngokuqondene nokuthi iyiphi i-wattage okufanele isetshenziswe, kufanele inqunywe ngumenzi. Lokhu okokuthuthukisa abakhiqizi ukuthi baphishekele ukusebenza kahle nokuzinza, esikhundleni sokudela ukusebenza kahle nempilo ngokuphusha amandla omthombo wokukhanya ngobumpumputhe.
Okubalulwe ngenhla kufaka phakathi lezi zinhlaka: zamanje, amandla, ukuguquguquka okukhanyayo, nokunciphisa okukhanyayo. Kukhona ubudlelwano obuseduze phakathi kwazo, futhi kufanele uzinake lapho zisetshenziswa: Yikuphi okuyikhona okudingayo ngempela?
Umbala okhanyayo
Esikhathini semithombo yokukhanya yendabuko, uma kuziwa ekushiseni kombala, wonke umuntu ukhathalela kuphela "ukukhanya okuphuzi nokukhanya okumhlophe", hhayi inkinga yokuchezuka kombala okhanyayo. Noma kunjalo, izinga lokushisa lombala lomthombo wokukhanya wendabuko yilolo hlobo kuphela, khetha nje olulodwa, futhi ngokuvamile ngeke luhambe kabi kakhulu. Esikhathini se-LED, sithole ukuthi umbala okhanyayo wokukhanya okuphansi unamaningi nanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Ngisho neqoqo elifanayo lobuhlalu besibani lingase liphambuke ekuxabaneni okuningi, ukuhluka okuningi.
Wonke umuntu uthi i-LED yinhle, yonga amandla futhi ayihambisani nemvelo. Kodwa kunezinkampani eziningi ngempela ezenza ama-LED abole! Okulandelayo iphrojekthi enkulu ethunyelwe abangani injongo yayo Uhlelo lokusebenza lwangempela lohlobo lwasekhaya oludumile lwamalambu e-LED nezibani, bheka lokhu kusatshalaliswa kokukhanya, lokhu kuvumelana kwezinga lokushisa lombala, lokhu kukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okufiphele….
Ngenxa yalesi siphithiphithi, ifekthri esebenza ngonembeza ekhanyisa izibani ze-LED yathembisa amakhasimende: "Amalambu ethu anokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa lombala phakathi kuka-±150K!" Lapho inkampani ikhetha umkhiqizo, imininingwane ikhombisa: "Kudinga ukuphambuka kokushisa kombala kobuhlalu besibani kungaphakathi kuka-± 150K"
Le 150K isuselwe esiphethweni sokucaphuna izincwadi zendabuko: "Ukuchezuka kwezinga lokushisa lombala kungaphakathi kuka-±150K, okunzima ngeso lomuntu ukukubona." Bakholelwa ukuthi uma izinga lokushisa lombala "lingaphakathi ± 150K" lapho ukungahambisani kungagwenywa. Eqinisweni, akulula kangako.
Njengesibonelo, ekamelweni lokuguga lale mboni, ngabona amaqembu amabili amabha okukhanya anemibala yokukhanya ehlukene ngokusobala. Elinye iqembu lalimhlophe ngokufudumele, kanti elinye ngokusobala lalichemile. Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni, singathola umehluko phakathi kwamabha amabili okukhanya. Enye ibomvu neyodwa eluhlaza. Ngokwalesi sitatimende esingenhla, ngisho namehlo omuntu angasho okuhlukile, kodwa umehluko wokushisa kombala kumele ube ngaphezu kuka-150K.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, imithombo emibili yokukhanya ebukeka ihluke ngokuphelele kweso lomuntu inomehluko "ohlobene wokushisa wombala" ongu-20K kuphela!
Ingabe akusona isiphetho sokuthi "ukuchezuka kwezinga lokushisa lombala kungaphakathi kuka-±150K, kunzima ngeso lomuntu ukukubona" asilungile? Ungakhathazeki, ngicela ungivumele ngichaze kancane: Ake ngikhulume ngemiqondo emibili yezinga lokushisa lombala vs (CT) lokushisa lombala elihlobene (CCT). Ngokuvamile sibhekisela "kumazinga okushisa ombala" womthombo wokukhanya ekukhanyeni okuphansi, kodwa empeleni, sivame ukucaphuna ikholomu "yezinga lokushisa lombala elihlobene" embikweni wokuhlola. Incazelo yala mapharamitha amabili "ku-Architectural Lighting Design Standard GB50034-2013"
Ukushisa Kombala
Lapho i-chromaticity yomthombo wokukhanya ifana neyomzimba omnyama ezingeni lokushisa elithile, izinga lokushisa eliphelele lomzimba omnyama yizinga lokushisa lombala lomthombo wokukhanya. Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-chroma. Iyunithi ngu-K.
Izinga Lokushisa Lombala Elihlobene
Lapho iphoyinti le-chromaticity lomthombo wokukhanya wokukhanya komhlaba lingekho ku-blackbody locus, futhi i-chromaticity yomthombo wokukhanya iseduze ne-chromaticity yomuntu omnyama ezingeni lokushisa elithile, izinga lokushisa eliphelele le-blackbody liyizinga lokushisa lombala elihlobene. yomthombo wokukhanya, okubizwa ngokuthi izinga lokushisa lombala elihlobene. Iyunithi ngu-K.
I-latitude nobude kumephu kubonisa indawo yedolobha, futhi inani (x, y) lokudidiyela "kumephu yokudidiyela imibala" libonisa indawo yombala othile okhanyayo. Bheka isithombe esingezansi, indawo (0.1, 0.8) iluhlaza okotshani, futhi indawo (07, 0.25) ibomvu cwe. Ingxenye emaphakathi ngokuyisisekelo ukukhanya okumhlophe. Lolu hlobo "lwezinga elimhlophe" alikwazi ukuchazwa ngamagama, ngakho-ke kunomqondo "wokushisa kombala" Ukukhanya okukhishwa i-tungsten filament bulb emazingeni okushisa ahlukene amelelwa njengomugqa kumdwebo wokuhlanganisa umbala, obizwa ngokuthi "umzimba omnyama. locus", efushanisiwe njenge-BBL, ebizwa nangokuthi "i-Planck curve". Umbala okhishwe emisebeni emnyama yomzimba, amehlo ethu abukeka "njengokukhanya okumhlophe okuvamile." Uma isixhumanisi sombala somthombo wokukhanya sichezuka kuleli jika, sicabanga ukuthi "kunomfanekiso wombala".
Isibani sethu sokuqala se-tungsten, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi senziwe kanjani, umbala walo okhanyayo ungawela kuphela kulo mugqa omele ukukhanya okumhlophe okubandayo nokufudumele (umugqa omnyama owugqinsi osesithombeni). Umbala okhanyayo siwubiza ezindaweni ezihlukene kulo mugqa ngokuthi "Izinga lokushisa lombala". Manje njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthukile, ukukhanya okumhlophe esikwenzile, umbala wokukhanya uwela kulo mugqa. Singathola kuphela iphoyinti "eliseduze", funda izinga lokushisa lombala waleli phuzu, futhi ulibize ngokuthi "izinga lokushisa elihlobene nombala." .
Yini Sondeza ku-3000K "isotherm":
Umthombo wokukhanya we-LED wokukhanya komhlabathi, akwanele ukusho nje ukuthi izinga lokushisa lombala alanele. Noma wonke umuntu engu-3000K, kuzoba nemibala ebomvu noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka." Nasi inkomba entsha: I-SDCM.
Usasebenzisa isibonelo esingenhla, lawa masethi amabili emigoqo yokukhanya, "izinga lokushisa lombala elihlobene" lawo lihluka ngo-20K kuphela! Kungashiwo ukuthi kucishe kufane. Kodwa eqinisweni, kusobala ukuthi zinemibala ekhanyayo ehlukene. Ikuphi inkinga?
Nokho, iqiniso liwukuthi: ake sibheke umdwebo wabo we-SDCM
Isithombe esingenhla yi-3265K emhlophe efudumele kwesokunxele. Sicela unake ichashazi elincane eliphuzi kwesokudla se-ellipse eluhlaza, okuyindawo yomthombo wokukhanya kumdwebo we-chromaticity. Isithombe esingezansi siluhlaza ngakwesokudla, futhi isikhundla sakhe siphumele ngaphandle kwe-oval ebomvu. Ake sibheke ukuma kwemithombo emibili yokukhanya kumdwebo we-chromaticity kulesi sibonelo esingenhla. Amanani abo aseduze kakhulu nejika lomzimba omnyama ngu-3265K no-3282K, abonakala ehluka ngo-20K kuphela, kodwa empeleni ibanga lawo likude~.
Awukho umugqa we-3200K kusofthiwe yokuhlola, kuphela i-3500K. Masidwebe umbuthano we-3200K sodwa:
Imibuthano emine ephuzi, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza okotshani kanye nebomvu ngokulandelanayo imele "izinyathelo" ezi-1, 3, 5, nezi-7 kusukela "embala okhanyayo ophelele". Khumbula: uma umehluko kumbala okhanyayo ungaphakathi kwezinyathelo ezi-5, iso lomuntu alikwazi ukulihlukanisa ngokuyisisekelo, kwanele. Izinga likazwelonke elisha liphinde lithi: "Ukubekezelela kombala ukusebenzisa imithombo yokukhanya efanayo akufanele kube kukhulu kuno-5SDCM."
Ake sibone: Iphuzu elilandelayo lingaphakathi kwezinyathelo ezingu-5 zombala okhanyayo "ophelele". Sicabanga ukuthi umbala okhanyayo omuhle kakhulu. Ngokuqondene nephuzu elingenhla, izinyathelo ezingu-7 zithathwe, futhi iso lomuntu lingabona ngokucacile ukwakheka kombala wakhe.
Sizosebenzisa i-SDCM ukuze sihlole umbala okhanyayo, ngakho-ke ungakala kanjani le pharamitha? Kunconywa ukuthi ulethe i-spectrometer nawe, ayikho ihlaya, i-spectrometer ephathekayo! Ngoba ekukhanyeni komhlaba, ukunemba kombala okhanyayo kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba imibala ebomvu neluhlaza yimbi.
Okulandelayo yi-Color Renderingndex.
Ekukhanyeni okuphansi okudinga inkomba enikeza umbala ophezulu ukukhanya kwezakhiwo, njengamawasha odongeni asetshenziselwa ukwakha izibani zangaphezulu kanye nama-floodlight asetshenziselwa ukukhanya okuphansi. Inkomba yokunikeza umbala ophansi izolimaza kakhulu ubuhle besakhiwo esikhanyisiwe noma ukuma kwezwe.
Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza zasendlini, ukubaluleka kwenkomba yokunikezela ngemibala kubonakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokuhlala, izitolo zezitolo, nokukhanya kwamahhotela nezinye izikhathi. Ngokwemvelo yehhovisi, izici zokunikeza umbala azibaluleki kangako, ngoba ukukhanya kwehhovisi kuklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokukhanya okungcono kakhulu kokwenziwa komsebenzi, hhayi okobuhle.
Ukunikezwa kombala kuyisici esibalulekile sokuhlola ikhwalithi yokukhanyisa. Umbala we-Renderingndex uyindlela ebalulekile yokuhlola ukunikezwa kombala kwemithombo yokukhanya. Ipharamitha ebalulekile yokulinganisa izici zombala wemithombo yokukhanya yokwenziwa. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuhlola imithombo yokukhanyisa yokwenziwa. Imiphumela yomkhiqizo ngaphansi kwe-Ra ehlukene:
Ngokuvamile, uma inkomba yokunikeza umbala iphezulu, ukunikezwa kombala komthombo wokukhanya kuzokwenza kube ngcono namandla okubuyisela umbala wento. Kodwa lokhu kuphela "okujwayelekile ukukhuluma". Ingabe kunjalo ngempela? Ingabe kuthembeke ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa inkomba yokunikeza umbala ukuze uhlole amandla okukhiqiza umbala omthombo wokukhanya? Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo lapho kuyoba khona okuhlukile?
Ukuze sicacise lezi zinkinga, kufanele siqale siqonde ukuthi iyini inkomba yokunikeza umbala nokuthi itholakala kanjani. I-CIE iyibeke kahle isethi yezindlela zokuhlola ukunikezwa kombala kwemithombo yokukhanya. Isebenzisa amasampula ombala okuhlola angu-14, ahlolwe ngemithombo yokukhanya ejwayelekile ukuze kutholwe uchungechunge lwamanani okukhanya okubonwayo, futhi ibeka ukuthi inkomba yayo yokunikeza umbala ingu-100. Inkomba yokunikeza umbala yomthombo wokukhanya ohloliwe inikezwa amaphuzu ngokuqhathaniswa nomthombo wokukhanya ojwayelekile ngokuya nge- isethi yezindlela zokubala. Amasampula ombala wokuhlola ayi-14 ami kanje:
Phakathi kwazo, i-No. 1-8 isetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwenkomba evamile yokunikeza umbala u-Ra, futhi ama-hues amele angu-8 ane-saturation ephakathi akhethiwe. Ngokungeziwe kumasampuli emibala ayisishiyagalombili ajwayelekile asetshenziselwa ukubala inkomba evamile yokunikeza umbala, i-CIE iphinde inikeze amasampula ombala ayisithupha ajwayelekile okubala inkomba yokunikeza umbala yemibala ekhethekile ukuze kukhethwe izici ezithile ezikhethekile zokunikeza umbala zomthombo wokukhanya, ngokulandelana, okugcwele. Iziqu eziphakeme zombala wesikhumba obomvu, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, waseYurophu naseMelika kanye nohlaza lwamaqabunga (No. 9-14). Indlela yokubala yezwe lami enikeza umbala okhanyayo wokunikeza inkomba ingeza u-R15, isampula lombala elimelela ithoni yesikhumba sabesifazane base-Asia.
Nansi inkinga: ngokuvamile lokho esikubiza ngokuthi inani lenkomba yokunikeza umbala u-Ra litholwa ngokusekelwe ekunikezweni kombala wamasampuli ombala angu-8 ajwayelekile ngomthombo wokukhanya. Amasampula emibala ayi-8 ane-chroma emaphakathi nokukhanya, futhi yonke ayimibala engagcwele. Kungumphumela omuhle ukukala ukunikezwa kombala komthombo wokukhanya okune-spectrum eqhubekayo kanye nebhendi yefrikhwensi ebanzi, kodwa kuzodala izinkinga zokuhlola umthombo wokukhanya onamagagasi aphakeme kanye nebhendi yefrikhwensi encane.
Inkomba yokunikeza umbala u-Ra iphezulu, ingabe ukunikezwa kombala kufanele kube kuhle?
Isibonelo: Sihlole 2 ekukhanyeni okuphansi, bona izithombe ezimbili ezilandelayo, umugqa wokuqala wesithombe ngasinye ukusebenza komthombo wokukhanya ojwayelekile kumasampuli emibala ehlukahlukene, futhi umugqa wesibili ukusebenza komthombo wokukhanya we-LED ohloliwe. amasampula ombala ahlukahlukene.
Inkomba yokunikeza umbala yale mithombo yokukhanya ye-LED emibili ekukhanyeni okuphansi, ebalwa ngokwendlela evamile yokuhlola, ithi:
Elingenhla lino-Ra=80 kuthi eliphansi libe no-Ra=67. Ukumangala? Imbangela yesizathu? Empeleni, sengike ngakhuluma ngakho ngenhla.
Kunoma iyiphi indlela, kungase kube nezindawo lapho ingasebenzi khona. Ngakho-ke, uma iqondene ngqo nesikhala esinezidingo eziqinile zombala, iyiphi indlela okufanele siyisebenzise ukwahlulela ukuthi umthombo othile wokukhanya ukulungele yini ukusetshenziswa? Indlela yami ingase ibe isiphukuphuku: bheka i-spectrum yomthombo wokukhanya.
Okulandelayo ukusatshalaliswa kwe-spectral kwemithombo eminingana yokukhanya ejwayelekile, okuyimini (Ra100), isibani se-incandescent (Ra100), isibani se-fluorescent (Ra80), uhlobo oluthile lwe-LED (Ra93), isibani se-metal halide (Ra90).
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-27-2021
